Is PTFE lubricant the same as Teflon?

What is PTFE?

PTFE stands for polytetrafluoroethylene. It is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, consisting of long polymer chains of carbon and fluorine atoms. PTFE has many useful properties:

These attributes make PTFE well-suited for many applications, including as a non-stick coating for cookware and as a dry lubricant. PTFE is sold under the brand name Teflon by the Chemours Company.

What is Teflon?

Teflon is a brand name for a group of products and coatings made from PTFE. It was originally discovered by accident in 1938 by Roy Plunkett, a chemist at DuPont. While attempting to make a new refrigerant, Plunkett noticed that a canister of tetrafluoroethylene gas had polymerized into a white, waxy solid that was extremely slippery. DuPont patented this substance as Teflon in 1945.

The Teflon brand now encompasses a range of products containing PTFE, including:

• Non-stick coatings for cookware
• Fabric protectors
• Automotive lubricants
• Industrial coatings and sealants

So in summary, Teflon is simply a trade name for PTFE-based products. All Teflon contains PTFE, but not all PTFE is sold under the Teflon brand.

PTFE as a Lubricant

One of the most useful properties of PTFE is its extremely low coefficient of friction. PTFE has a static coefficient of friction of just 0.04 to 0.10, depending on the load and sliding speed, making it the slipperiest solid known. For comparison, the coefficients of friction for some common materials are:

This slipperiness, along with PTFE’s resistance to heat and chemicals, makes it an excellent lubricant in both wet and dry applications. PTFE lubricants are available in several forms:

PTFE Grease

PTFE grease is made by suspending micronized PTFE particles in a base oil or thickener. The PTFE content is typically 1-5% by weight. PTFE grease is used for lubricating bearings, gears, and sliding surfaces in high temperature or chemically harsh environments. It can tolerate continuous temperatures up to 450°F.

PTFE Spray

PTFE spray lubricants contain PTFE suspended in a solvent that evaporates after application, leaving behind a thin, dry film of PTFE on the surface. PTFE sprays are used to lubricate chains, hinges, sliding tracks, and other mechanisms. They are especially useful for applications where oil-based lubricants would attract dirt.

PTFE Tape

Also known as thread seal tape or plumber’s tape, PTFE tape is used to seal threaded pipe connections. The tape fills in small gaps between the threads and prevents leaks. PTFE tape is chemically inert and can be used on virtually any type of pipe.

PTFE Powder

PTFE powder can be used as an additive to boost the performance of oils and greases. It is also used in the manufacture of self-lubricating bearings and other components. Parts can be made from PTFE-filled plastics or have PTFE liners bonded to their surface.

Is PTFE Lubricant Food Safe?

One common question about PTFE lubricants is whether they are safe for use around food processing equipment or in applications where incidental food contact may occur. The answer is yes, certain grades of PTFE are considered acceptable for food contact by the FDA and other regulatory agencies worldwide.

The FDA classifies PTFE as a “food contact substance” under regulation 21 CFR 177.1550. This means it is legally permitted in applications where it may contact food, provided it meets certain purity and inertness requirements. Food-grade PTFE must be made only from virgin raw materials and cannot contain any fillers or recycled content.

PTFE is chemically inert and will not react with or migrate into most foods under normal use conditions. It is stable up to 500°F (260°C), above which it can begin to decompose and give off harmful fumes. For this reason, PTFE-coated cookware should not be used at high temperatures.

Several PTFE greases and spray lubricants are NSF H1 registered, meaning they are certified for incidental food contact in and around food processing equipment. However, they should not be applied directly to food contact surfaces. Always check the specific product label and safety data sheet for proper use instructions and any limitations.

Environmental and Health Considerations

PTFE itself is considered to be relatively inert and non-toxic. It is not readily absorbed by the body if ingested. However, there are some concerns about the environmental and health impacts of PTFE production and disposal:

• PFOA: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a surfactant that was used in the manufacture of PTFE before 2013. It is a persistent environmental pollutant and has been linked to several health issues, including kidney and testicular cancer. PFOA has now been phased out of PTFE production in the U.S., Europe, and Japan.

• PFAS: PTFE is a member of the PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) chemical family. Some PFAS compounds like PFOA and PFOS have come under scrutiny for their environmental persistence and potential health effects. However, PTFE itself is a stable polymer and does not readily degrade into these smaller compounds.

• Disposal: PTFE is not biodegradable and can persist in the environment for a long time. Incineration of PTFE-containing waste can produce harmful fumes including carbonyl fluoride and hydrogen fluoride. Proper high-temperature incineration above 800°C is required to safely decompose PTFE.

Despite these concerns, PTFE is still considered safe for most end-use applications when properly handled. Ongoing research aims to develop more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is all PTFE lubricant the same as Teflon?

All genuine Teflon products are made from PTFE, but not all PTFE lubricants are sold under the Teflon brand. Many other companies make PTFE lubricants using similar formulations. So while all Teflon is PTFE, not all PTFE is Teflon. Check the label to verify the specific brand and composition of any PTFE lubricant.

2. Can I use PTFE lubricant on any surface?

PTFE lubricants can be used on a wide variety of surfaces including metal, plastic, rubber, and wood. They are especially useful for lubricating surfaces that will be exposed to high temperatures, chemicals, moisture, or dust. However, PTFE may not adhere well to some porous surfaces or certain low-friction plastics like UHMW polyethylene. Always test compatibility on a small area first.

3. How often should I re-apply PTFE lubricant?

The lubrication interval depends on the specific application conditions such as load, speed, temperature, and environmental factors. PTFE greases typically last longer than PTFE spray lubricants due to their thicker film and better surface adhesion. In general, re-apply PTFE lubricant when increased friction or wear is noticed. Consult the manufacturer’s guidelines for recommended lubrication intervals.

4. Can PTFE lubricant be used on food processing equipment?

Yes, certain grades of PTFE are FDA-compliant for incidental food contact. Look for PTFE lubricants that are NSF H1 registered, indicating they are suitable for use in food processing facilities. However, these lubricants should not be applied directly to surfaces that contact food. Always follow the usage instructions on the product label.

5. How should I dispose of used PTFE lubricant?

Check your local regulations for the proper disposal method for PTFE-containing waste. In general, small amounts of PTFE greases and oils can be disposed of with other used lubricants. Avoid pouring them down the drain. Empty aerosol cans of PTFE spray may be recyclable in some areas. Industrial quantities of PTFE waste may require special handling by a licensed waste disposal company to ensure proper incineration.

Conclusion

In summary, while all Teflon contains PTFE, not all PTFE lubricant is branded as Teflon. PTFE is valued as a lubricant for its low friction, high temperature stability, and chemical inertness. It is available in greases, sprays, tapes, and powders for a variety of applications. Food-grade PTFE is approved for incidental contact in food processing.

Although PTFE production has raised some environmental concerns, PTFE itself is considered non-toxic and safe for most end uses. Proper handling and disposal practices can help mitigate any potential risks. PTFE lubricants continue to play an important role in reducing friction and wear across many industries.